What is PECS?
PECS, the Picture Exchange Communication System, is a structured way of teaching children with limited speech to communicate by exchanging picture cards for things they want, and later to build sentences. It was developed by Andy Bondy and Lori Frost and is taught in six phases, starting with a single picture exchange and moving to answering questions and commenting.
What this means in practice
PECS is a form of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC). It teaches the child to start communication with another person, which is an important skill for many autistic children.
The six phases
- Phase 1: exchanging a single picture for a desired item.
- Phase 2: travelling to a communication partner and book.
- Phase 3: choosing between pictures.
- Phase 4: building simple sentences such as 'I want biscuit'.
- Phase 5: answering 'What do you want?'.
- Phase 6: commenting, such as 'I see a bird'.
Does PECS stop speech?
Research does not show that picture-based communication prevents speech; for some children speech increases. Communication of any kind reduces frustration.
PECS at home and school
PECS works best when every adult responds to the child's picture requests in the same way. Families and schools can agree on a shared set of pictures for common requests such as water, toilet, break and help. Keep the communication book with the child at all times, including on outings.
Practical next steps
- Find out which items motivate the child.
- Learn the correct procedure from a trained practitioner.
- Use the same method at home and school.
- Keep the pictures available all day.
What to keep in mind
PECS is most effective when taught accurately. Work with a speech and language therapist or trained special educator.
Common follow-up questions
Is PECS only for non-speaking children?
It is mainly used for children with very limited functional speech.
Can PECS be used in Indian languages?
Yes. Picture symbols can be labelled in any language the family uses.
Sources
Sources inform the explanation; examples are educational illustrations, not individual clinical advice. How these answers are prepared.